Friday, 2 June 2017

TOEFL 550

GRAMMAR/STRUCTURE part 1

·      TENSES
1.   Simple presents (s + V(s/es) + o )
Menunjukkan kebiasaan, kebenaran umum (ada always, usually)

2.   Present continous/present progresssive
Fromula: (S + am/is/are + Ving + O )
-       Untuk keadaan sekarang (now)
-       Future time ( at,,,,o’clock, tomorrow, next week etc)

3.   Simple past
Formula: (S + V2 + O/C )
-       Masa lampau (ex: last night, this morning, after dinner, Friday night etc)

4.   Past continous
Formula: (S + was/were + Ving + O/C )
-       kegiatan lampau yg diselingi kegiatan lain
(past cont + when + simple past)
-       2 keg terjadi bersamaan dimasa lampau (while)
(past cont + while + past cont)
-       Specific time in past ( at ,,,,, o’clock, last night, at midnight, last night)

5.   Present perfect
Formula: (S + has/have + V3)
-          Terjadi dilampau, tapi waktunya tidak pasti (bob has seen this movie before)
-          Terjadi lebih dari sekali pada lampau (two times, etc)
-          Dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih terjadi sampai sekarang (for, since)
§  Already (telat) = kalimat setuju
Form: aux V + already + main V
§  Yet = kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan diakhir kalimat (means: belum)
From: (S + has/have + not + V3 +,,,,,,,,, + yet)

6.   Present perfect continous
              Formula: (S + has/have + been + Ving)
       Penggunaan sama seperti present perfect (dimulai dilampau dan masih terjadi sampai sekarang) (For, since)

7.   Past perfect
              Formula: (S + had + V3)
-          Keg yg terjadi sebelum ada keg lain dilampau. Biasanya ada 2 kegiatan
-          ( Past perfect + before + simple past)
-          (simple past + that + past perfect)
-          (simple past + after + past perfect)

8.   Past perfect continous
             Formula: (S + had + been + Ving)
             Penggunaan sama dengan past perfect
     
        TIME ORDER
Past perfect
(1st action)
Simple past
(2nd action)
now
 


Materi TOEFL ITP diatas 500

GRAMMAR/STRUCTURE part 1

·      TENSES
1.   Simple presents (s + V(s/es) + o )
Menunjukkan kebiasaan, kebenaran umum (ada always, usually)

2.   Present continous/present progresssive
Fromula: (S + am/is/are + Ving + O )
-       Untuk keadaan sekarang (now)
-       Future time ( at,,,,o’clock, tomorrow, next week etc)

3.   Simple past
Formula: (S + V2 + O/C )
-       Masa lampau (ex: last night, this morning, after dinner, Friday night etc)

4.   Past continous
Formula: (S + was/were + Ving + O/C )
-       kegiatan lampau yg diselingi kegiatan lain
(past cont + when + simple past)
-       2 keg terjadi bersamaan dimasa lampau (while)
(past cont + while + past cont)
-       Specific time in past ( at ,,,,, o’clock, last night, at midnight, last night)

5.   Present perfect
Formula: (S + has/have + V3)
-          Terjadi dilampau, tapi waktunya tidak pasti (bob has seen this movie before)
-          Terjadi lebih dari sekali pada lampau (two times, etc)
-          Dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih terjadi sampai sekarang (for, since)
§  Already (telat) = kalimat setuju
Form: aux V + already + main V
§  Yet = kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan diakhir kalimat (means: belum)
From: (S + has/have + not + V3 +,,,,,,,,, + yet)

6.   Present perfect continous
              Formula: (S + has/have + been + Ving)
            Penggunaan sama seperti present perfect (dimulai dilampau dan masih terjadi sampai                     sekarang) (For, since)

7.   Past perfect
      Formula: (S + had + V3)
-          Keg yg terjadi sebelum ada keg lain dilampau. Biasanya ada 2 kegiatan
-          ( Past perfect + before + simple past)
-          (simple past + that + past perfect)
-          (simple past + after + past perfect)

8.   Past perfect continous
              Formula: (S + had + been + Ving)
              Penggunaan sama dengan past perfect
     
         TIME ORDER
Past perfect
(1st action)
Simple past
(2nd action)
now
 





TOEFL ITP

LISTENING

·      Correct answer
75 % (complete sentence) = S + V + C
25 % (incomplete sentence) = diawali V1/Ving
·      AGREEMENT


§  So do i
§  Me too
§  Neither do i
§  I dont either
§  Who wouldn’t
§  Isn’t he/she/it tough!
§  Didn’t he/wasn’t she/hasn’t it tough!
§  I’ll second that
§  I’ll say
§  You can say that again
§  Is/he/was it ever
§  You bet
§  I couldn’t agree with you more
§  I feel the same way you do it


·      DISAGRREMENT


§  I don’t think so
§  That’s not what i think
§  That’s not the way i see it
§  Not really
§  I can’t say i agree
§  I couldn’t agree with you less
§  I’m afraid i don’t agree
§  Probably not
§  Not necessarily
§  I’m afraid not
§  i’m not so sure




·      MAKING SUGGESTION


§  Why don’t you,,,,,
§  Have you ever tought of,,,,
§  What if you,,,,
§  How about,,,,,
§  If i were you,,,,


Ø POSITIVE RESPONSES


§  Why not
§  Good idea
§  By all means
§  Why didn’t i think of that
§  That worth a try
§  Thanks, i’ll give it a try




Ø NEGATIVE RESPONSES


§  I don’t think so
§  I already thought of that
§  I don’t think that will work
§  Don’t look at me
§  Can i take a rain check (could we do this some other time)


·      MAKING INVITATION


§  Shall we
§  Would you like to,,,
§  Want you,,,
§  Let’s
§  Do you want to,,
§  Could you,,
§  Can you,,


Ø POSITIVE RESPONSE


§  Sure, thanks
§  If you want me to
§  Don’t mind if i do


Ø NEGATIVE RESPONSE


§  I’m sorry, but,,,
§  I’ll pass
§  I don’t think i’ll be able to make it this time


·      OFFERS


§  Let me,,
§  Shall i,,
§  Would you like me to,,
§  Do you want me to,,
§  Can i,,,
§  I could,,


Ø POSITIVE RESPONSE


§  That would be nice
§  Please do
§  Sure thanks


Ø NEGATIVE RESPONSE


§  I don’t think so
§  I’m afraid not
§  That won’t be necessary
§  Thanks anyway
§  Please don’t


·      REQUEST (MAKING)


§  Would you,,,
§  Could you/i,,,
§  Do you mind if,,,
§  Will you,,,
§  May i,,,
§  Can you/i,,,


Ø POSITIVE RESPONSE


§  I’d be delighted
§  Sure thing
§  Certainly
§  Why not
§  If you want to
§  If you’d like
§  You bet
§  Not at all
§  Of course not


Ø NEGATIVE RESPONSE


§  Sorry, but,,,
§  I’m afraid not
§  I wish i could, but,,
§  Actually, i do/would
§  I’m afraid i do/would
§  As a matter of fact, i do/would


·      ASSUMPTION
Perkiraan sebelumnya berbeda dengan keadaan sekarang

·      PENGGUNAAN USED TO
§  Used to + V1
Contoh: i used to live in New York (means: i once lived in New York, but now i don’t)
§  Be/get + used to
Ø Diikuti Ving
Contoh: i’m not used to driving on the left side of road (means: i’m not accustomed/terbiasa to driving,,,,)
Ø Diikuti Noun phrase
Contoh: i’ve finally gotten used to my new job

(means: i’ve finally became accustomed to my new job)